Notes

1. This paper was originally presented in Seoul, Korea at a UNESCO conference in 1998. The thrust of this conference was to earmark shamanism as human cultural heritage worthy of preservation.

2. Townsend 1997.

3. Ellwood and Partin 1988.

4. Townsend 1988.

5. Harner 1980.

6. Townsend 1988.

7. Noel 1997.

8. Castaneda 1968.

9. See de Mille 1976; 1990 and Noel 1976; 1997.

10. Conton 1998.

11. Townsend 1998.

12. Conton 1998; Townsend 1998.

13. For a complete discussion of the distinctions between neo and core shamanism, and the eclectic nature of syncretism in the former, see Townsend 1998.

14. Townsend 1998.

15. See Townsend 1998.

16. Conton 1998.

17. Townsend 1988; 1998.

18. Harner 1986.

19. See also Townsend 1998.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Harner 1990: xi-xiii.

23. See also Arensberg and Niehoff 1971.

24. See Gray 1992.

25. Lewis 1989.

26. See Harner 1996.

27. See Eshowsky 1998.

28. Harner 1998.

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